Which of the following statements is true of smokers

����� 1. �� Which of the following statements about tobacco use is true?

����������� A) �� There has been an overall increase in the number of cigarette smokers over the past few decades.

����������� B) �� The use of cigars has decreased since 1990.

����������� C) �� Tobacco use is related to about 10% of infant deaths.

����������� D) �� Use of smokeless tobacco is decreasing.

����� 2. �� It is estimated that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) kills more than _______________ people each year.

����� 3. �� Previous studies concerning tobacco use among college students did not take into consideration

����������� A) �� the number of cigarettes smoked.

����������� B) �� the location of the population being studied.

����������� C) �� use of pipes, cigars and chewing tobacco.

����������� D) �� the ages of the subjects.

����� 4. �� The second most common form of tobacco used by college students is

����������� D) �� clove cigarettes.

����� 5. �� What is the addictive agent in tobacco?

����� 6. �� The predominant psychoactive drug in tobacco is

����� 7. �� Which of the following is popular because it is effective at modulating everyday emotions?

����� 8. �� Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

����������� A) �� blood vessel dilation

����������� B) �� increased formation of urine

����������� C) �� increased heart rate

����������� D) �� lowered blood pressure

����� 9. �� The Tobacco Free Initiative is a project spearheaded by this group.

��� 10. �� Those who support the Tobacco Free Initiative agree that the primary focus in dealing with tobacco use should be

����������� A) �� rehabilitation and recovery.

����������� B) �� prohibition and punishment.

����������� C) �� stricter laws and enforcement.

����������� D) �� prevention and education.

��� 11. �� Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use is true?

����������� A) �� Most smokers want to keep smoking.

����������� B) �� Most smokers who stop smoking as a result of attending a stop-smoking clinic stay tobacco-free.

����������� C) �� Stopping the use of smokeless tobacco is more difficult than stopping smoking.

����������� D) �� Some tobacco users reduce health risks by using nicotine-free tobacco.

��� 12. �� Which of the following is true of most ex-smokers?

����������� A) �� After quitting, they lose the urge to smoke.

����������� B) �� They quit on their own.

����������� C) �� They quit while participating in a stop-smoking program.

����������� D) �� They will start smoking again.

��� 13. �� People who quit smoking "cold turkey" may have all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

����������� D) �� increased intraocular pressure.

��� 14. �� Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include

����������� A) �� hearing problems.

��� 15. �� Most severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms subside in

��� 16. �� Activities that trigger the use of tobacco through association are called _______________ reinforcers.

��� 17. �� What group of Americans make up the largest percentage of new smokers?

����������� A) �� children and young teens

����������� D) �� college students

��� 18. �� Smoking at an early age is NOT linked to

����������� C) �� a sense of invincibility.

��� 19. �� Which of the following is NOT one of the "5 R's" to be considered when attempting to quit smoking?

��� 20. �� Which of the following statements about tobacco advertising is FALSE?

����������� A) �� Tobacco ads do not appear to have any impact on children under the age of 6 years.

����������� B) �� Adults tend to choose generic, less advertised brands of tobacco.

����������� C) �� Adolescents tend to choose brand-name tobacco products that are heavily advertised.

����������� D) �� Tobacco companies target young women by associating tobacco use with confidence and sexual attractiveness.

��� 21. �� A student _______________ is most likely to be a cigarette smoker.

����������� A) �� from a two-parent family

����������� B) �� with a poor academic record

����������� C) �� from a family of professionals

����������� D) �� from a wealthy family

��� 22. �� Which of the following groups has the highest percentage of smokers?

����������� A) �� American Indian men

����������� C) �� African American men

����������� D) �� women with a college degree

��� 23. �� The condensed particles of tobacco smoke that form a solid mass are called

��� 24. �� If something causes cancer, it is called

��� 25. �� An ingredient in tobacco smoke that seriously limits the body's ability to use oxygen is

����������� A) �� enhances visual acuity.

����������� B) �� increases appetite.

����������� C) �� increases lung capacity.

����������� D) �� displaces oxygen.

��� 27. �� Smokers who switch to low-tar or low-nicotine cigarettes will probably have the same health risks because

����������� A) �� they take longer to smoke each cigarette.

����������� B) �� they do not inhale as deeply.

����������� C) �� tar is not the risky ingredient in cigarettes.

����������� D) �� they often smoke more cigarettes to maintain nicotine levels.

��� 28. �� More chemicals are absorbed into the body

����������� A) �� during the last third of the cigarette.

����������� B) �� during the first third of the cigarette.

����������� C) �� when the midpoint of the cigarette is reached.

����������� D) �� evenly throughout the cigarette.

��� 29. �� Which ethnic group appears to metabolize nicotine slower while also having a higher absorption rate?

����������� B) �� African American

��� 30. �� Which of the following is a symptom of mild nicotine poisoning?

��� 31. �� Smoking affects hunger by

����������� A) �� increasing a person's appetite.

����������� B) �� depressing hunger contractions.

����������� C) �� increasing the sensitivity of taste buds.

����������� D) �� decreasing blood sugar level.

��� 32. �� Which of the following is the most widespread cause of death among smokers?

����������� B) �� coronary heart disease

��� 33. �� Heart disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances in the walls of the arteries is called

����������� B) �� myocardial infarction.

����������� D) �� high cholesterol.

��� 34. �� Deposits of fatty acids on the inner wall of the blood vessel are called

��� 35. �� "Chest pain due to coronary heart disease" defines

����������� B) �� myocardial infarction.

����������� C) �� coronary thrombosis.

����������� D) �� congestive heart failure.

��� 36. �� A heart attack caused by plaque that blocks a coronary artery is called

����������� B) �� a myocardial infarction.

����������� C) �� an aortic aneurysm.

����������� D) �� an aortic coarctation.

��� 37. �� Deaths from coronary heart disease associated with cigarette smoking are most common in people in which age group?

��� 38. �� During what decade of life are most lung cancer deaths likely to occur?

��� 39. �� Smoking contributes to heart disease in which one of the following ways?

����������� A) �� exposure to tar

����������� B) �� reduction of high-density lipoproteins

����������� C) �� exposure to arsenic

����������� D) �� reduction of low-density lipoproteins

��� 40. �� The highest risk of lung cancer is among

����������� A) �� smokeless tobacco users.

����������� D) �� cigarette smokers.

��� 41. �� After quitting smoking, approximately how long does it take an ex-smoker's risk of lung cancer to be half that of a continuing smoker's risk?

��� 42. �� Which of the following statements regarding lung tissue is true?

����������� A) �� Lung tissue will repair itself if smoking is stopped.

����������� B) �� Lung tissue repairs itself in young ex-smokers but not in old ex-smokers.

����������� C) �� Lung tissue repairs itself only if medication is provided.

����������� D) �� Lung tissue does not repair itself.

��� 43. �� Which of the following cancers is linked with smoking?

����������� D) �� all of the above

��� 44. �� The primary cause of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) is

����������� B) �� high cholesterol.

��� 45. �� Loss of lung elasticity is characteristic of

��� 46. �� Respiratory cilia operate to

����������� A) �� signal the body that respiratory poisons are present.

����������� C) �� facilitate gas exchange.

����������� D) �� keep air passages free of dust and mucus.

��� 47. �� Large cells in the body that absorb dead tissue and dead cells are called

��� 48. �� All of the following are adverse effects of tobacco use EXCEPT

����������� A) �� loss of appetite.

����������� D) �� reduced fertility.

��� 49. �� All of the following are associated with smoking EXCEPT

����������� A) �� premature skin wrinkling.

��� 50. �� A cumulative consequence of smoking is

����������� A) �� reduced longevity.

����������� B) �� reduced quality of life.

����������� C) �� reduced productivity.

����������� D) �� all of the above

��� 51. �� Which of the following forms of smokeless tobacco is used for "dipping"?

��� 52. �� Which of the following statements about spit tobacco is true?

����������� A) �� Changes in gums and lips usually occur after 6 months of using spit tobacco.

����������� B) �� Holding an average size dip in the mouth for 30 minutes delivers about the same amount of nicotine as two or three cigarettes.

����������� C) �� Oral sores are a rare side effect of its use.

����������� D) �� Spit tobacco does not contain chemicals known to cause cancer.

��� 53. �� Health consequences related to the use of smokeless tobacco are most likely to include

����������� A) �� gum disease, oral cancer, and heart disease.

����������� B) �� gum disease, bladder cancer, and lung cancer.

����������� C) �� oral, bladder, and lung cancer.

����������� D) �� heart disease, oral cancer, and lung cancer.

��� 54. �� White or red patches that appear in the mouth as a result of using smokeless tobacco are called

��� 55. �� Which of the following conditions is the biggest health risk for pipe and cigar smokers who do not inhale?

��� 56. �� Clove cigarettes

����������� A) �� contain fewer toxic components than regular tobacco.

����������� B) �� contain more tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide than regular tobacco cigarettes.

����������� C) �� do not have the same health risks as regular tobacco.

����������� D) �� are a safe alternative to regular tobacco cigarettes.

����������� A) �� a carcinogenic ingredient in tobacco.

����������� C) �� another name for nicotine.

����������� D) �� a compound in clove cigarettes.

��� 58. �� Smoke that the smoker exhales is referred to as _______________ smoke.

��� 59. �� Smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe is referred to as _______________ smoke.

��� 60. �� Which of the following statements regarding the toxicity of smoke emitted from burning tobacco is true?

����������� A) �� The smoke has lesser concentrations of tar and nicotine than exhaled smoke.

����������� B) �� The smoke has a higher concentration of carbon monoxide than exhaled smoke.

����������� C) �� There is no difference in the concentration of noxious components between exhaled smoke and smoke emitted from burning tobacco.

����������� D) �� There is a slight increase in certain components of the smoke, but they pose no health risks.

��� 61. �� Which of the following statements about environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is true?

����������� A) �� A nonsmoker is not affected by ETS after leaving the smoky environment.

����������� B) �� ETS does not elevate a nonsmoker's risk of heart disease.

����������� C) �� ETS does not elevate a nonsmoker's risk of lung cancer.

����������� D) �� Children are commonly the victims of ETS.

��� 62. �� The most common effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is

����������� B) �� sinus infections.

��� 63. �� Babies and young children are at higher risk from tobacco smoke because of their

����������� A) �� rate of respiration.

����������� C) �� low blood volume.

����������� D) �� undeveloped heart muscle.

��� 64. �� Which of the following statements regarding children and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is true?

����������� A) �� Children have no change in health risks due to ETS.

����������� B) �� Children are at less risk for health problems because of their body size.

����������� C) �� Children's health is more likely to be impacted if the mother smokes.

����������� D) �� Children are at higher risk for health problems because they breathe more deeply than adults.

��� 65. �� The harmful components found in tobacco and tobacco smoke have what effect on a developing fetus or newborn?

����������� A) �� lower birth weight, prematurity, increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

����������� B) �� prematurity, born with asthma, increased risk for SIDS

����������� C) �� lower birth weight, congenital heart disease, childhood lung cancer

����������� D) �� born with asthma, irritability from central nervous system damage, increased risk for miscarriage

��� 66. �� The long-term effects on children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy include

����������� A) �� hyperactivity, lower reading scores, and short attention span.

����������� B) �� learning delays, poor muscle coordination, and hyperactivity.

����������� C) �� short attention span, hypertonia, and childhood lung cancer.

����������� D) �� none of the above

��� 67. �� A person who stops smoking can expect all of the following changes EXCEPT

����������� A) �� food tastes better.

����������� B) �� lowered blood pressure.

����������� C) �� increased heart rate.

����������� D) �� feeling more energetic.

��� 68. �� Which of the following statements about international tobacco use is true?

����������� A) �� By 2025, about 25% of smoking-related deaths will occur in developing countries.

����������� B) �� Worldwide, tobacco use is expected to decrease by 2025.

����������� C) �� About one-third of Chinese men under age 29 will die from tobacco-related causes.

����������� D) �� Very few children who smoke in developing countries plan to quit.

��� 69. �� To increase the chance for success when attempting to quit smoking, you should

����������� A) �� wear a nicotine patch while you slowly decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke.

����������� B) �� substitute smokeless tobacco for cigarettes.

����������� C) �� substitute clove cigarettes.

����������� D) �� tell your family and friends you want support.

��� 70. �� A recent survey found that ______ percent of tobacco users want to quit.

��� 71. �� Which of the following behavioral factors increases the chances of a smoker's permanently quitting?

����������� A) �� eating more fruits and vegetables

����������� B) �� regular exercise

����������� C) �� scheduling regular visits to the dentist

����������� D) �� consuming alcohol